Hi Andreas,
Unfortunately I was never able to resolve this and the project I needed it for paused, I RMA’d my carrier boards (without my Jetson module or SSD) with the help of Seeed_Seraphina and using their module and SSD they could demonstrate the USBs working no problem.
So it was either a module or SSD issue, my module was from the Dev Kit and Seraphina also linked a post on the Nvidia forums which could or could not be related: Different charge numbered jetson orin nano's behave differently when writing to QSPI on custom carrier boards - Jetson Orin Nano - NVIDIA Developer Forums but I had no success with that and could not find much else.
Due to other work commitments I did not get to the point of making a post on the Nvidia forums but if you have any success it would be appreciated if you could update this thread.
Sorry I can’t be of more help, hope you get it working.
Steven