Input logic has to be VCC -.5V/+5V. Since you are supplying 5V vcc to the strip the Xiao’s logic voltage of 3.3v would not be recognized by the LED. The reason it works with the Arduino Uno is the Arduino Uno has 5v logic pins. This setup should work but you would need to reduce the power voltage supplied to the strip down to around 3.8V or lower. Example would be using a LiPo battery rated at 3.7V.
Hope this makes sense.