SD card and fat16

I don’t want to doubt of your words, but I’d like to understand.

If I connect my SD reader to an Arduino board, the pins used would be the ones indicated in the picture.
How can I understand which pins are they on Arduino and which pins correspond on mine Mega? If I’m right, the reader uses digital 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 pins. How can you know from your table that they correspond to PB0, PB1, PB2, PB3?